Method of making unions and the like.



H. G. CARLSON.

METHOD OF MAKING UNIONS AND THE LIKE.

APPLICAHON FILED MAR. I2. 19l3.

Patented June 8, 1915.

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HIALMAR G. CARLSON, 0F WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIG-NORJ TO BOGKWOOID SBBINZKLEB; COMPANY- OF MASSACHUSETTS, 0E.-WORGESTER, MASSACHQUSETTS A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF MAKING UNIONS AND THE LIKE.

adapted: to=abut against each other; to pro-" vide a method of manufacturing such.art1 cles from. disk-shaped. blanks of sheet-metal in a minimum number of operations; and more specifically to provide. an efficient methodof doubling a portion. ofvthe sheet metal. on itself for the .purposev of providing a projecting end and a surface at the end of the article suitable for abutting against a complementary surface-and forming atight joint therewith.

Reference-is ing drawings, in which- Figurel is a central longitudinal sectional view of a cup-shaped blank showing one step of the operation; Fig.- 2 is a similar view showing the next step; Fig. 3 is a central vertical sectional view of a set of dies for operating on the blank shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a similar view of a set of dies showing the next step of the method; Fig. 5 is a similar view of another set of dies shoving the final die pressing operation, and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal central sectional view of a complete union formed. by this method.

In the manufacture of a member of a pipe union or other similar article according to this invention, a circular disk of sheet metal is the original blank which is employed. This disk is first formed by ordinary well known die pressing operations into the cup shape blank at indicated in Fig. 1. In this figure the sheet metal blank a has been shaped in simple dies to form a cylindrical portion having an end I). This blank is then operated upon by the ordinary well known type 0 in Fig. 2 it is shown as having a central; pprforation'csmaller than the end. so as to leave a portion of the end in posi- Specification of Letters Patent.

to behad to the accompanyfpunch toperforatethe end 6 ratenmaaun s, 1915.

Application filed March- 12, 1913. Serial No. 758,658.

. internal; diameter as the reduced wall of the open end.-

For this purpose the blank is placed in a set of dies as shownzin Fig. 3. The dies are shown; asworking vertically and. will be so described, although. of course they can be turned if desired to work horizontally or otherwise. These dies comprise a bottom member .10 having an opening at the center in which is an ejector 11 provided with a central. projection 11 at thetop and a'flat surface 11 surrounding it. On the top of the member 1Q.is arrintermediatedie member 12 having an inwardly'curved circum+ ferential surface 12- at the top of a central perforation therethrough. The top part of this perforation receives the end of the blank which fits within it. member12 is a die member 13 having a central perforation therethrough of a diameter substantially the. same as the external diameter of the blank a. and coinciding with:

On the top of this is provided with a smaller central plunger 15 thereinzpro ecting beyond the end thereof. and held in position by a screw 15' or the like. The plunger 15 is larger in diameter than theperforation a.

Inoperation, the blank as shown in Fig. 2 is placed in themember 13 with its lower open edge resting on the edge of the surface 12 of the intermediate die member 12. It IS ShOWIL in this position in dotted lines in Fig. 3. The plungers 14 and 15 arethen brought down upon it and the first-effect is the engagement of the end of the plunger 15 with the end I; of the blank. This plunger is slightly larger than the perforation c' and consequently it tends tov force the metal down in the dies 12 and 13 and at the same time to force the inner edge of the metal surrounding the perforation c downwardly and inwardly. The effect of this is to form an-inward flange b on the top of the blank as it descends along the surface 12. It also causes the plunger 15 eventually to enlarge the opening a and descend through it.

'When this happens the plunger 15 moves down into the body of the blank and then the plunger 14 can come into engagement withthe top of the blank, as indicated in Fig. 3. At this time, the plunger 14 has the function of positively forcing the blank down into the die so as to partake of the shape of the top of the surface 12' just below the top of the blank. The plunger 15 continues to perform the function of holding the inner edge of the turned over edge I) of the blank to proper internal diameter and it also descends into a position in which it registers with the surface 12 and thus holds the interior of the blank at this point and prevents it from becoming smaller than the plunger 15. As the plungers descend from this point, all the metal that passes below the surface 12 will assume a cylindrical form and will have an internal diameter equal to the internal diameter of the edge I) which has been forced inwardly at the top of the blank. At this time the outer wall of theblank has three portions, first a of the same i the proper time to hold the end of the blank,

prevent its being reduced in diameter and keep that end substantially in a plane as it comes against the surface 11', then it is used as an ejector in the usual way. This operation having been completed, the next operation is commenced. In this the same members 10, 13, 14 and 15 can be used if desired, or duplicates thereof, but a new die 16 and e ector 17 are shown. In this case the ejector 17 is similar to the ejector 11 except that it has a flat top surface. The die 16 is a plane die fitting the die 13, or a correspondingly Shaped die, and has a cylindrical passage therethrough fitting the head of the e ector 17 andvof the same diameter as the external diameter of the blank at a. The blank being inserted in this set of dies in the position shown indotted lines in Fig. 4,

the plungers 14 and 15 are brought down upon it. The effect-of this operation is to bring the upper parts of the blank into a more compact form and all the parts below into a true cylindrical shape with a square end. This is brought about simply by forcing the parts down intothe position shown in full lines in Fig. 4.

The next operation is shown in Fig. 5.

Here a die like the plate 10 is provided with an ejector 18 having a head thereon inside and provided with a recess 18. Above this is a die 19 having a central passage 19 of a diameter the same as the passage in the die 16 and having an enlargement 19 above it of the same diameter as the passage through the die 13. A plunger 20 is brought down upon these parts, said plunger having a main portion of a diameter equal to the diameter of the enlargement 19 and a reduced portion or plunger 20" of the same diameter as the plunger 15. Between these two parts of the plunger is a convex surface 20 for forming the final shape of the seating s1frface shown in Fig. 5. When the plunger is brought down it simply compresses the top part of the blank doubling the metal edge 6 over on the metal below to form a top layer 6" of metal and fill up the circular recess therein by compressing the metal into it, leaving only a seam at that point. In the form shown in the drawings, the'surface 20 is continuous so as to form a concave surface on the blank suitable for receiving the convex surface of a companion member. This pressing operation also presses out the lower surface of the enlarged part of the blank to form a substantially square shoulder at e and the cylindrical portion of the product is brought to length and thickness and receives its final pressure for shapin' it. This blank v 'A can then be screw-threa ed, or otherwise fittedup as desired, its ends squared off if necessary, and it is ready for use as a female member of a pipe union or for any other purpose for which its particular shape may be'designed. In Fig. 6 I have shown this member A in its complete state set up as a part of a union, said union comprising also a male member F and a nut G.

It is to be observed that the member F is provided with a slight enlargement and square shoulder for the flange of the nut G and is provided with a convex end surface suitable for fitting against the concave end surface of the other member. Also it will be seen that the female member A is provided with a solid heador enlargement for the reception ofthe screw thread a of substantially twice the thickness of theoriginal sheet of metal from which the blank is made and having an adequate length for the screw thread and this is accomplished by comparatively simple die pressing operations without undue complications.

The dies by which these operations are performed are simple and complete in themselves and they are easily manufactured and operated.

Although I have illustrated the invention as applied to the manufacture of a part of a pipe union, I am aware of the fact that the principles thereof can be carried out in substantially the same way in the manufac areas tions can be changed to some extent without.

departing from the scope of the invention as expressed in the claims. Therefore, I do not wish to be limited to the manufacture of this specific article or to the exact order of steps or shape of dies herein shown and described, but

What I do claim is 1. A method of making an article of sheet metal which consists in forming a cylindrical cup shaped blank from a circular disk of sheet metal, perforating the end thereof, forcing a plunger larger than the perforation against the perforated end and through it into the interior of the blank, and doubling over the end of the blank in which the perforation is located.

- 2. A method of forming a metallic article which comprises bending outwardly and doubling over inwardly the edge of a cylindrical blank, and concaving the inner part of said doubled edge to cause the inner surfaces thereof to come into contact throughout and to fill the entire space between them, whereby the end of said blank will have substantially twicethe thielmess of the metal of the original blank.

3. A method of forming an article of sheet metal which consists in providing a cup shaped blank having an open end and a perforation in the other end, forcing a plunger into said blank through the perforated end to bend the edge of the perforation inwardly, forcing the walls of the open end into contact with said plunger to shape the interior thereof, and exerting pressure on the edge of the perforated end of the blank to double said edge inwardly against the plunger.

4. A method of forming an article from sheet metal which consists in providing a cup shaped blank having an open end and a perforation in the other end, and forcing a plunger into said blank through the perforated end to double the edge thereof inwardly against the plunger and to force said blank longitudinally in a set of dies to condense the doubled edge of the blank.

5. A method of forming a metallic article which consists in providing a cup shaped blank'of sheet metal having an open end and a perforation in the other end, forcing a plunger into saidblank through the perforated end, forcing the walls of the open end into contact with said plunger to shape the interior thereof, and exerting pressure on the edge of the perforated end of-the blank to double said edge inwardly against the plunger, and to force said blank longitudinally in a set of dies to condense'the doubled edge of the blank closely around said plunger, and finally compressing saiddoubled edge over on itself to fill the entire space between the two inner surfaces thereof and form a circumferential projection on the blank of substantially twice the thick- .ness of the metal of the original blank.

6. A method of forming a metallic article which consists in providing a cup shaped blank of sheet metal having an open end and a perforation in the other end, forcing a plunger into said blank through the perforated en'd, exerting pressure on the edge of the erforated end of the blank to double said e ge inwardly against the plunger and to condense the doubled edge of the blank closely around said plunger, compressing said doubled edge over on itself to fill the entire space between the two inner surfaces thereof and form a circumferential projection on the blank, and at the same time pressing the end surface of said doubled portion inwardly to form a concave seating surface.

7. A method of making a metallic article which consists in providing a cup shaped sheet metal, blank having an open end of the central plunger and surrounding plunger or die inwardly to turn over inwardly the edge of the metal surrounding the perforation. I

8. A method which consists in sheet metal blank a perforation in its other end, placing it in a set of dies, forcing a plunger against and through the perforated end of the blank into of making a metallic article providing a cup shaped aving an open end and the interior thereof and simultaneouslyforcing a second plunger or die against the wall of the blank surrounding the perforation so as to force the blank longitudinally .in the dies along with the plunger, reducing the diameter of the open end of the blank at a point opposite the end of the plunger, whereby the end of the blank will assume a tubular form'of an internal diameter equal to the diameter of the plunger, continuing the motion of the central plunger and surrounding plunger or die inwardly to turn over inwardly the edge of the metal surrounding the perforation, and finally condensing the turned-over portion and forming a valve seating surface thereon.

9. A method of making an article from sheet metal which consists in providing a cup shaped blank having an open end and a. perforation in its other end, placing it in ing a second plunger through the blank and simultaneously compressing the doubled portion of the metal into a small space longitudinally but keeping it of the same external and internal diameter, and finally condensing the turned over portion and forming a valve seatin surface thereon.

- 10. A method'of ma ing an article from sheet metal which consists in providing a cup shaped blank having an open end and a perforation in its other end, placing it in a set of dies, forcing a plunger larger than the erforation' through the perforated end of t e blank into the interior thereof and forcing a second plunger or die against the wall of the blank surrounding the perforation so as to force the blank longitudinally in the dies along with the plunger, doubling over inwardly the edge of the metal sur-,

rounding the perforation,transferring the blank to another set of dies and compressing the doubled portion "at the center and inwardly until the space between the surfaces of the doubled portion is filled by the metal of the article, and finally forming a seating surface thereon.

11. A method of forming a metallic article which consists in forming a cupshaped blank having a fiat end, perforating the said flat end of the cup to provide a circular opening of less diameter thah the cup, doubling the inner edge of said opening inwardly within the cup so that its entire outermost surface relative to the center of the blank is brought directly into contact with-the inner surfaces of the side walls of the cup and threading the blank.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two subscribin #WItIIGSSGS. HJALMAR G. GARLSON.

Witnesses:

ALBERT E. FAY,

O. FORREST WESSON. 

